Week 1 - Week 12 : 1 Apr 2022 - 17 Jun2022
Tan Yi Yun 0345559Bachelor of Design (Hons) in Creative Media
Exercises
Pre-production : Preparation
Production : Principal Shooting
Post-production : Editing
Pre-production
- Idea development
- Story
- Storyboard
- Visual References
- Location/Props
Production
- Lighting
- Costume
- Principal Shooting
Post-production
- Offline editing
- Online editing
- Audio editing
Week 2
Framing & Storyboard
In the earliest Cinema, when the motion picture camera was invented, the
shots were simple and straightforward. The filmmakers turned to dramatic
presentations they called filmed plays (the camera is positioned as if it
were a member of the audience seated in theatre).
So what they did was to breakup the action into shots and sequences
(separation) to create fragments of reality because the filmmaker is telling
the story, he/she determines which fragments of reality is seen and in
particular order (later called editing).
Extreme wide shot (E.W.S)
- Shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character and conveys
scale, distance, and geographical location.
- Used to show where character is in his/her environment.
Medium wide shot (M.W.S)
Shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the knees.
Wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking
place. Permits a nice balance of figure and surrounding.
Medium close-up shot (M.C.U)
Medium close
Over the shoulder shot (O.S)
The over-shoulder shot shows the subject from behind the shoulder of
another person.
|
|
Figure 1.1, Over the shoulder shot, Week 2 (4/8/2022) |
Bottom shot is more to a wide shot.
Extreme wide shot (E.W.S)
- Shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character
- Conveys scale, distance, and geographical location
- Used to show where character is in his/her environment
Medium wide shot (M.W.S)
- Shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the
knees.
(knees to the top & have head room)
- Wide enough to show the physical setting.
- Permit a nice balance of figure and surrounding.
Medium shot
(waist to the top)
Medium close up
(cut the forehead, until shoulder)
- blurred background
Close-up shot (C.U)
- Isolate the most important part of the subject.
- Emphasise facial expression, details of a object
(for human : cut the head & chin)
Extreme close-up shot (E.C.U)
- Single out a portion of the face magnifies a detail
- The object is to focus on important detail either to increase the drama
or impact on a situation
- Allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly
 |
| Figure 1.2, Various shot size, Week 2 (4/8/2022) |
Top left : Wide shot
Top right : Medium
Bottom left : Over the shoulder, wide shot
Bottom right : Over the shoulder
 | |
|
Top left : Medium wide shot
Top right : Over the shoulder
Bottom left : Medium close up
Bottom right : Medium wide shot
 | |
|
Top left : Medium shot
Top right : Wide shot
Bottom left : Medium wide shot
Bottom right : Wide shot
 | |
|
Subject Angle : Composition
- Facial modelling is best when subject is turned 45° (3/4 angling) to the camera.
- Front and side of the face, if properly lighted will appear round and
eyes are displayed fully.
- 3 Dimensional solidity is most pronounced when 2 or more surfaces are
photographed. Angling the camera in relation to the subject so that 2 sides
of the objects are viewed, results in the most effective rendition.
- Angle the camera so that parallel lines diminish and converge preferably
toward the right. This is to ensure that viewer's eyes are carried into
distance.
Subject Height
- Camera height is as important as camera distance and angle but often
disregarded. Artistic, dramatic and psychological overtones may be
contributed to the story-telling by adjusting the height of the camera to
the subject.
- Eye-level angle : films from the eye level
- Low angle shot : camera is tilted upward to view the subject. Gives the
impression of height.
- High angle shot : Make a character look smaller, younger, weak, confused
or more childlike.
Screen Direction
- Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction
only.
- A series of shots of a person walking, a car driving, a plane flying -
should move in the same direction to show progression.
Week 3
Sound Elements
The mixing of sound elements below creates an audio setting that supports
the action and engages the spectators.
1. Speech
2. Sound Effects
3. Music
Speech
One of the most important tools for understanding the story of the
film.
Dialogue : The voice of an unseen narrator speaking.
Sound Effects
Ambience : Audio refers to the background noise present at a given scene or a
location.
Hard of "cut" effects : Almost every sound we hear at the movies that isn't
dialogue or music is a sound effect. (train sliding door open and close,
foot steps, train moving on tracls, ambience in train etc)
Music
Music in movie is to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional
impact.
Dubbing
Or automated Dialog Replacement (ADR), is the process of re-recording
dialogue aafter the filming process to improve the audio quality/ reflect
dialogue changes
Foley
A sound effects technique for synchronous effects or live effects.
Week 4
Intro to Production Team
Producer - initiates, coordinates, supervises and controls matters (like
raising funding, hiring key personnel, contracting and arranging for
distributors
Screenwriter - shapes the sequence of events in a film so that the story
will unfold logically and in an interesting way
Director - responsible for overseeing the creative aspects of a film,
including controlling the content and flow of the film's plot, managing
technical aspect of visual with camera department, and sound with audio
department
Assistant director - assists the production manager and director. Oversee
day-to-day management of the cast and crew scheduling, equipment, script and
the set. Ensures the filming comes in on schedule while maintaining a
working environment in which the director, principal artists (actors) and
crew can focus on their work
Director of photography/cinematographer - Dop /DP is the head of the camera
and lighting department of the film. Dop makes decisions on lighting and
framing of scenes in conjunction with the film's director.
Gaffer - the head of electrical department, responsible for the design and
execution of the lighting plan for a production. Sometimes the gaffer is
credited as "chief lighting technician"
Sound recordist - the sound recordist is the head of sound department on
set, responsible for recording all sound during filming
Production designer - responsible for creating physical, visual appearance
of the film- settings, costumes, props, character makeup
Film editor - assembles the various shots into a coherent film, working
closely with the director
Visual effects artist - compositing images from different sources such as
video, film, computer generated 3D imagery, 2D animations, matte paintings
and text.
Sound designer - in charge of the post-production sound of a movie
Film production -
(development) it is the creation, writing, organising and planning stage of
a project.
(pre-production) the planning stage. Script, casting, location scouting,
equipment and crew, and the shot list all happen pre-production. Having a
strong concept is an essential, spending the appropriate amount of time
before full-scale production begins is necessary to nail down the
concept.
(production) - actual filming, a.k.a. principal shoot. Brings all necessary
props out to the location and capture all the footage necessary.
(post-production) - footage is edited, sound is mixed, visual effects are
added, a soundtrack is composed, titles are created, and the project is
completed and prepared for distribution. Begins while the shoot is still
going. Helps to identify problems with the footage or any gaps in the story
while the shoot is still happening.
(distribution) - process of making a movie available for viewing by
audience. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a
movie theater or television or streaming.
Storyboard
When the scene has a complicated action involved or few perspective point of view, storyboard is the most effective way to map out the scene.
 | ||
|
- Show important action
- Continuity/editing point
- Shot composition
- Indicate camera angle and movement
- Map out the scene
Advantage of Animatic :
- Timing of every shot
- Rhythm of the scene
- Audio and music added
Week 5
No lecture. Outdoor shooting exercise.
Week 6
Audio Editing
Hertz(Hz):
Human hearing frequency range from 20Hz to 20,000Hz.
Dynamic Range :
Decibels (dB): The threshold of human hearing is measured as
0dB SPL (sound pressure level) and the threshold of pain 130dB SPL.
Mono v.s Stereo
Mono sounds are recorded using single audio channel, while stereo sounds
are recorded using two audio channels.
Phone Call Sound Effects
- Bring down BASS, TREBLE, raise MID RANGE between 500Hz to
2kHz.
Muffled Sound Effects
- muffle sound usually by wrapping it with something. For example to speak
with a scarf over your mouth.
- BASS remain, TREBLE to the bottom, raise MID RANGE to top.
Reverb Sound Effects
- Sound in SPACE.
- Echo caused by the reflection of sound waves from a surface.
- Apply REVERB.
- Decay Time: Specifies how many milliseconds the reverb takes to decay 60
dB.Longer values give longer reverb tails.
- Pre‑Delay Time: Specifies how many milliseconds reverb takes to build to
its maximum amplitude.
- Perception: Simulates irregularities in the environment
- Dry: To add subtle spaciousness, set the Dry percentage higher; to
achieve a special effect, set the Dry percentage lower.
- Wet: To add subtle spaciousness to a track, keep the Wet percentage
lower than the Dry percentage.
Week 12
4 important sound design techniques
time stretching/compression, pitch shifting, reversing and layering.
a. Time stretching/compression
- Changes the length of audio without altering its pitch.
b. Pitch shifting
- Process of adjusting the pitch of an audio signal upwards or downwards, for both corrective (getting a vocal perfectly in tune, for example) and purely creative (changing the character of a drum loop, say) purposes.
c. Reversing
- The end of the audio will be heard first and the beginning last. Reverse audio changes the whole feeling and rhythm of the sound.
d. Layering
- Arranging several separate sounds together, in such a way the overall effect is of a single complete sound.
INSTRUCTION
EXERCISES
Week 1
In class editing exercise
This is a simple exercise. We create new Premiere Pro Project and import
all the provided footage into it and arrange shots on timeline with a
proper order.
Final mints commercial video, Week 1 (1/4/2022)
Editing exercise (Independent Learning)
Similar to the previous exercise, but this time the footage are not in
order.
Final Doritos commercial video, Week 1 (3/4/2022)
Week 2
In class shooting exercise (Framing)
We were paired in a small group to complete the shooting exercise at
outdoor. My group consists of 3 people : Nurul Adlina, Metta Angelica and
I.
Shot sizes :
- Low angle wide shot
- Frontal MCU
- Frontal MS
- Extreme Close-up
- Side angle MS
- 3/4 angle MCU
- Close-up shot
- Eye-level medium wide shot
Shooting exercise (framing), Week 2 (11/4/2022)
Editing exercise (Independent learning)
We were asked to trim the unwanted parts from the raw videos and joined
them together in the right sequence.
Editing exercise (Lalin), Week 2 (11/4/2022)
Week 3
3-act structure
We watched three short films during the class to identify the 3-act structure.
3-act structure, Week 3 (10/4/2022)
Week 7
Trimming Exercise
In this trimming exercise, we were tasked to compile and edit the clips to make sure the final video length did not exceed 30 seconds. We were introduced to the function of the ripple editing tool.
Trimming Exercise, Week 7 (13/5/2022)
Week 9
In Week 9, we used the same clip from the previous exercise (trimming exercise) to do colour correction.
Color correction, Week 9(27/5/2022)
REFLECTION
I have learned a few editing techniques from the exercises given by Mr. Martin. These techniques eased my video editing process. Besides, I also learned about different size shots that can make the audience keep up with your story and make sure they can see exactly the things you want them to see. The overall experience is fruitful and productive.